A great model for meeting a 25% renewable Energy Standard

Haven't read this completely yet but skimmed over it and it has an algorithm for assessing multiple options to reach a goal (they include the formulas)


Here is the link:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360835210002287


Here is the problem statement:

As explained in the introduction Oregon established a renewable
energy standard requiring 25% of the state’s electricity to
come from renewable energy by 2025. The problem we are trying
to solve is to assess what options exist for renewable energy resources
that could be used to achieve this legal mandate.

Portfolio analysis aims to minimize the costs and maximize the
benefits, therefore it has a multi-objective character. However, the
parameters that will be used and the limits for the goals depend on
expectations and not necessarily deterministic. The model proposed
must allow the problem formulation to retain its multi-objective
character and second, the problem statement should allow for
the possibility of deliberate vagueness (Kongar & Gupta, 2006). If
each goal is defined for sure (e.g. construction cost budget is
$900,000) then it would be easy to benefit the well known Goal
Programming model, that would result in defining the investments
of different energy technologies with a small deviation from the
goals (Chang, 2007). However, this method has two deficiencies:
(i) the weights are very effective in finding the investment
amounts; (ii) it would never give if all or some of the goals are satisfied
to achieve the results (Abd El-Waheda & Leeb, 2006).
Fuzzy goal programming approach facilitates development of
goals with imprecise targets and flexible technological coefficients
methodology to respond the above targets (Hu, Teng, & Li, 2007).
This method results in defining the amount of investment in each
energy technology maximizing the satisfaction of the defined
goals. This study is a decision support framework for authorities
of Oregon who